All the three zones of Maryland - coastal plain, piedmont, and Appalachian have a mixture of both the North and South wildlife. Most of the state lies within a hardwood belt in which red and white oaks, yellow poplar, beech, blackgum, hickory, and white ash are represented. Shortleaf and loblolly pines constitute the softwood belt. Honeysuckle, Virginia creeper, wild grape, and wild raspberry are also common. In 20003, seven plant species were considered a threatened. They include Canby's dropwort, sand plain gerardia, northeastern bulrush, and harperella.

The white-tailed (Virginia) deer, eastern cottontail, raccoon, and red and gray foxes are native to Maryland, although urbanization has sharply reduced their habitat. Common small mammals are the woodchuck, eastern chipmunk, and gray squirrel. The brown-headed nuthatch has been found in the extreme south, the cardinal and tufted titmouse are common in the piedmont, and the chestnut-sided warbler and rose-breasted grosbeak are native to the Appalachians. Nineteen Maryland animal species were listed as threatened or endangered in 2003. They include the Indiana bat, Maryland darter, bald eagle, Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel, three species of whale, and five species of turtle.